Flying-machine.



APPLICATION FILED SEPT.27,1909.

Patented Dec. 27, 1910.

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P. GOEHNER. FLYING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 27, 1909. $59 472, Patented Dec. 2'7, 1910.

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F. GOEHNER.

FLYING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT.27,1909. I 1 979,42? Patented Dec. 27, 1910.

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WiTNESSES:

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INVENTOR wings or blades and has the object to pro- ENE l dieihllltll i @FFEQE.

FRED GOEENER, OF BUFFALG, NEVJ YURI K.

FLYING-MACHINE.

To all whom it may concern: Y Be it known that I, FRED GonHNnR, a sub- ]ect of the Emperor of Germany, residing at Buffalo, in the county of Erie and State of New York, have invented new and useful Improvements in Flying-Machines, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to a flying machine of that class in which the lifting of the machine is effected by rotatable feathering duce a machine of this character, so that the maximum strength, power and lightness is obtained for lifting and propelling a given load.

In the accompanying drawings consisting of 3 she ets: Figure 1 is a top plan view of my nn roved flying machine, with the top omitte Fig. 2 is a rear elevation of the same. Fig. 3 is a fragmentary longitudinal Vertical section on an enlarged scale, of one of the lifting devices taken in line 3-3, Fig. l. Fig. 4 is a sectional rear elevation of the same. Fig. 5 is a fragmentary perspective view of one of the wing shifting devices. Fig. 6 is an end View of the ribs or arms of one of the wings and adjacent parts. Figs. 7, 8 and 9 are detached views of the central, intermediate and outer arms or ribs of the wings. I I

Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts throughout the several views.

. A represents the main frame of the machine which may be of any suitable construction to support the working parts of the machine, it being understood that strength, lightness and a minimum of head resistance to the wind are essential. On its underside the frame is provided with wheels at, a whereby the same is supported on the ground while the machine is at rest or when the same starts its flight or alights after a flight. At the top the frame is also provided with a horizontal roofa which operates to protect the operatorfrom the sun and rain, and also checks the descent of the machine in case of.

an accident, and also operates as a'plane for go gliding through the air. At the rearof the rame are arranged the principal means for propelling the machine horizontally, these means consisting preferably of two vertically rotatable propellers B, B which are'arranged on opposite sides of the longitudinal center of the machine andmounted on the Specification of Letters 23? .cnt.

Application filed September 27, 1909.

Patented Dec. 2'3, rare.

Eerie! No. 519,74

rear ends of horizontal longitudinal shafts b which are ournaled in suitable bearings on the main frame. driven in any suitable manner but preferably by the means which are shown in Figs.

1 and 2, and whichcomprise an internal com-.

bustion engine C arranged in the central lower part of the frame, two horizontal driving shafts D, D journaled lengthwise in suitable bearings on the frame between opposite sides of the engine and the propeller shafts, two belts E each passing around pulleys c, '6 arranged respectively on the engine shaft 0 and one of the driving shafts, two straight belts F each passing around a driving pulley on one of the driving shafts and a driven pulley f on the adjacent propeller shaft, two cross beltsG each passing around a driving pulley g on one of the driving shafts and a driven pulley g on the adjacent propeller shaft, and two clutches h, h each of which is adapted to connect one of the driving shafts either with the straight belt driving pulley f or the cross belt driving pulley g thereon.

When the clutches connect both driving shafts with their straight belt driving pulthen both propellers are turned forwardly and the machine moves straight ahead but if one driving shaft is connected with its straight driving belt pulley and the other driving shaft is connected with its cross belt driving pulley, one propeller will be turned forwardly and the other backwar-dly, thereby causing the machine to turn toone side, the mechanism being used in. this manner for steering the machine.

vertical propelling device. The number of such lifting devices may be varied depending on the size of the machine and the load to be carried but as shown in the drawings four such lifting devices are employed, two being arranged on each side of the longitudinal center of the machine and one in front of the other. The lifting devices on the same side of the machine are mounted on a stationary horizontal rod or shaft H which is mounted lengthwise on the frame in any suitable manner.

Each of the lifting devices is preferably constructed as follows: It represents a hub or sleeve turning on the stationary rod or shaft H and z is a circular rim which is con- These propellers may be fit lifting of the machine in the air is effected by means of my improved lifting or too nected by arms 2 with the huh 6-, these parts together forming practically a driven supporting wheel or pulley which. is rotated vertically in the direction of-the arrow preferably by means of a belt passing around a driving pulley j on the adjacent driving shaft D and aperipheral roove y' in the rim of the driven wheel I, 2', '5 Circumferentially and equidistant around this sup- 1o porting wheel are arranged a plurality. of lifting wings or heaters K, three of such wings being shown in the drawings and each being adapted to unfold and catch the air on the descending side of. the supporting 16 wheel and fold-and feather through the air on the ascending side of said wheel, so as to produce a lifting effecton the machine. Each of these wings preferably consists of two s tions which are arranged on opposite sides of 20 the wheel rim 2' and spokes each section comprising inner, intermediate and outer radial arms or ribs Z, Z Z and flexible webs m of fabric .or other suitable material connecting said arms. The inner ends of the several arms of the two sections of each wing are secured to the adjacent central part of the hub I by means of a tangential pin, bolt or screw m which is supported at'its opposite ends by means of lugs m projecting laterally from the hub. The inner arm 'Z of both wing sec-' tions are preferably stationary relative to the supporting wheel and are secured to opposite sides of the rim 2' thereof while the intermediate and outer arms Z Z thereof are capable of swinging laterally on the pin m as a pivot toward and from the inner arms, for the purpose of spreading or collapsing the webs between the same in the manner of an accordion. The wings are 40 spread on the descending side of the supporting wheel so as to produce a downward pressure against the air and lift the machine, while on the ascending side of this wheel the wings are folded ornollapsed so as to present aminimum surface and resistance to the air on this side of the wheel. In order to cause the wings while turning in a spreadout condition to produce not only a lifting effect, but also a forward propelling effect, the several arms of each wing are mounted successively upon each other on the pivot pin m the foremost arm being lowest and 'he rearmost arm highest, thereby causi 1to be inclined upward from its front toward its rear edge, as shown in Fig. 6, whereby the above mentioned effect is produced. This inclination of the underside of the wings is further increased by deflecting the outer so parts of the outerandintermediate arms 2*, Z of the front section downwardly and de-' fleeting the outer ends of'the outer and intermediate arms Z Z of the rear section of each wing upwardly relatively to their pivots,

'65 as shown in Figs. 4: and 6. The inner arms the underside of the wing.

portion a on -wheel. The cam bars be effected by various means but those shown in the drawings are preferred and constructed as follows :N, li represent two stationary cams arranged respectively at opposite ends of the hub the supporting wheel and each prererably constructed of two cam bars od side by side so as to form a n, n arra. cam slot between them which has a high con centric portion a on the rising side of the supporting wheel and a low orreceding cam the descending side of said a e supported on the adjacent supp sh 5 by a stationary head 0 wh is preferably constructed in the form of a spider or open work frame. P represents radially movable slides pref erably of tubular or sleeve form and each guided on a radial guide rod 7) which is secured at its inner end to the hub of the sup porting wheel. If desired, the outer ends of the several guide rods on the same side of the supporting wheel may be connected by a ring 72 as shown in'the drawings. Each of the slides P is provided on its outer side with a projection or roller Q which works in the slot of the adjacent cam. Each slide is also connected on opposite 'sides of its guide rod by two links 7*, r with the central part of the outer arm of the adjacent wing section. As the lifting device turns in ,the direction of the arrow in Figs. 3 and 5,

the slides while moving upwardly are shifted radially outward by the high concentric parts of the cams, whereby the arms of the corresponding wing are folded and rendered inoperative and as the slides move downwardly the same are drawn inwardly by the low or receding part of the cams, thereby unfolding'the arms of the respective wings and rendering the same operative.

For the purpose of sustaining the arms of the wingswheir the same are spread and carrying the load each of the wings is sustained on its rear or trailing side by a back wheel and engage with the rear sides of the support comprising preferably two curved retaining arms .9, s which project from opposits sides of the rim of the supporting central parts of the arms of the sections of the respective wing, whereby the latter when spread are firmly supported across the entire widththereof and the greatest efiiciency,

of thesame is obtained. The outer ends 'of the retaining arms are preferably connected by rearwardly extending guy wires twith the rim of the supporting wheel so as to hold these arms in place. I claim as my invention 1. A flying machine comprising a lifting device having a vertically rotatable support, wings mounted on said support and each having arms pivoted on said support and webs connecting said arms, and operating means for separating said arms for unfolding the wings on the descending side of said support and gathering said arms for folding the Wings on the ascending side of said support, said operating means comprising a stationary cam, radlally movable slides engaging with said cams, and links connecting said slides with some of said arms.

2. A flying machine comprising a lifting device having a vertically rotatable support, wings mounted on said support and each having arms pivoted on said support and webs connecting said arms, and operating means for separating said arms for unfolding the wings on the descending side of said support and gathering said arms for folding the wingson the ascending side ofsaid supa port, said operating means comprising a I stationary cam, radiall movable slides engaging with said cams, inks connectlng said shdes wlth some of said arms and radial rods which are mounted on said support and on which said slides are guided.

3. A flying machine comprising a lifting device having a vertically rotatable wheel,

a plurality of wings mounted on said wheel and each composed of sections arran ed on opposite sides of the wheel and havin an inner arm fixed on said wheel, interme iate and outer arms pivoted on the wheel, andwebs connecting said arms, the arms of each wing being successively one above the other so that the underside of the wing inclines upwardly from its front edge toward its rear edge, and, means for folding and unfolding said wings.

4. A flying machine comprising a vertically rotatable support, Wings arranged on said support and adapted to be unfolded on the descending side of said support and folded on theascending side of said support, the underside of said wings being inclined from their front edges upwardly toward their rear edges.

Witness my hand this 22 day of September, 1909.

FRED GOEHNER. Witnesses:

JOSEPH E; RYAN, WALTER K. HOLZMUELLER. 

